氮、磷、钾配施对不同土壤类型小麦-玉米产量及灌水利用率的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Wheat and Maize in Different Soil Type Regions

采用田间试验,研究了等量灌溉条件下,不同氮(N1、N2、N3、N4小麦生长季节分别为120、180、240、360 kg/hm^2,玉米生长季节分别为180、270、360、450 kg/hm^2)、磷(P1、P2分别为90、135 kg/hm^2)、钾(K1、K2分别为75、150 kg/hm^2)配施对通许、西平和安阳3个不同土壤类型地区小麦、玉米产量及灌水利用率的影响,以期为指导当地农民合理施肥提供科学依据。结果表明,与不施肥(CK)处理相比,不同氮、磷、钾配施均能够显著提高小麦、玉米及小麦-玉米周年产量和灌水利用率。在小麦季,通许、西平和安阳3个地区分别以N3P2K2、N3P2K1和N2P2K1处理产量和灌水利用率最高,产量分别为8 606 kg/hm^2、9 977 kg/hm^2和10 305 kg/hm^2,分别较CK增产28.95%、52.48%和32.71%,灌水利用率分别为9.56 kg/m^3、11.09 kg/m^3和11.45 kg/m^3。在玉米季,通许、西平和安阳3个地区则分别以N4P2K2、N4P2K1和N2P2K2处理产量和灌水利用率最高,产量分别为10 998 kg/hm^2、8 828 kg/hm^2和11 715 kg/hm^2,分别较CK增产32.44%、55.29%和28.21%,灌水利用率分别为12.22 kg/m^3、9.81 kg/m^3和13.02 kg/m^3。通许、西平和安阳3个地区分别以N3P2K2、N4P2K1和N1P2K2处理小麦-玉米周年产量和灌水利用率最高,周年产量分别为19 515 kg/hm^2、18 576 kg/hm^2和21 080 kg/hm^2,分别较CK增产30.29%、51.92%和24.70%,灌水利用率分别为10.84 kg/m^3、10.32 kg/m^3和11.71 kg/m^3。

The effects of different combined ratios of nitrogen( N1,N2,N3,N4 were 120,180,240,360 kg/ha for wheat,180,270,360,450 kg/ha for maize respectively),phosphorus( P1,P2 were 90,135 kg/ha respectively),potassium( K1,K2 were 75,150 kg/ha respectively) on the yield and irrigation water useefficiency of wheat and maize under the same amount of irrigation condition were studied in three different soil type regions,Tongxu,Xiping and Anyang,so as to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization for local farmer. The results showed that compared with control( no fertilizer),different combined ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium significantly improved the yields and water use efficiency of wheat and maize in all three regions. The yields and water use efficiency of wheat were the highest under the N3P2K2,N3P2K1 and N2P2K1 treatments in Tongxu,Xiping and Anyang respectively,the yields were8 606 kg/ha,9 977 kg/ha and 10 305 kg/ha,which increased by 28. 95%,52. 48% and 32. 71%compared with control,respectively; the irrigation water use efficiency were 9. 56 kg/m^3,11. 09 kg/m^3 and 11. 45 kg/m^3,respectively. The yields and irrigation water use efficiency of maize were the highest under N4P2K2,N4P2K1 and N2P2K2 treatments in Tongxu,Xiping and Anyang respectively,the yields were 10 998 kg/ha,8 828 kg/ha and 11 715 kg/ha,respectively,which increased by 32. 44%,55. 29%and 28. 21% compared with control; meanwhile,the irrigation water use efficiency were 12. 22 kg/m^3,9. 81 kg/m^3 and 13. 02 kg/m^3 respectively. For the whole wheat-maize system,the yields and irrigation water use efficiency were the highest under N3P2K2,N4P2K1 and N1P2K2 treatments in Tongxu,Xiping and Anyang respectively,the yields were 19 515 kg/ha,18 576 kg/ha and 21 080 kg/ha,which increased by 30. 29%,51. 92% and 24. 70% compared with control respectively; the irrigation water use efficiency were 10. 84 kg/m^3,10. 32 kg/m^3 and 11. 71 kg/m^3,respectively.