我国产能过剩的形成机理及化解路径

A Study on the Evolved Mechanism and the Way of Settlement of China's Overcapacity

当产能富余产生的负面效应大于正面效应时,即出现了产能过剩。当前,产能过剩呈现出非周期性、结构性和制度性特征,与我国之前的发展模式密不可分。分析当前的产能过剩问题,应从供给侧着手,从政府干预、产业结构以及消费需求结构三个方面考察导致产能过剩的原因。实践证明,通过刺激需求以适应供给的方法已经难以解决当前的产能过剩问题,因此要改变模式,以优化供给结构即通过正确发挥政府作用、提高要素禀赋结构以及增强国内产品竞争力等方式使供给适应需求来化解产能过剩。

The overcapacity appeared when the negative effect resulting from spare capacity is greater than the posi-tive effect. At present, the overcapacity, which is non-cyclical, structural and institutional, goes inseparably with the previous development model of China. Starting with exploration of the supply side, the paper analyzes the fac-tors leading to current overcapacity in three aspects such as the government intervention, the industrial structure and the consumer demand structure. Practically, it is intractable to solve the current problems of overcapacity by means of stimulating demand to adapt to supply. Therefore, it is important to optimize the supply structure to adapt to the demand and resolve the overcapacity in the way of exerting rightly the function of the government, improvingthe structure of factor endowment, and enhancing the competitiveness of domestic products.