中国制造业出口对美国制造业创新的影响分析

Impact of Chinese Manufacturing Export on American Manufacturing Innovation

中国制造业从1979年改革开放之后开始飞速发展,成长为世界第一工业品出口国。20世纪90年代是这一过程加速发展的开始,中国对美出口工业品的冲击对美国制造业的创新水平造成了压力。通过对近30年中美贸易额、美国制造业企业专利数量、中美科技差距等数据进行比较,得出中国制造业出口仅在低端制造业及少数高科技领域对美国造成冲击的结论。通过分析这些现象的成因,进一步对中国制造业发展提出建议。

The restriction policy has become an important measure for some urban governments to regulate real estatemarket in China since May 2010. Moreover,a few cities have gone through a process of inducing,cancelling and re-inducing the real estate restriction policy. However,the regulation effect of the real estate restriction policy is worth attention for the cities that are still implementing the policy and that have canceled it already. Taking Beijing and Tianjin astwo examples,this article made an empirical analysis of the effect by using the literature material method and statisticalanalysis method. The results show significant differences on three indicators of Beijing and four indicators of Tianjinbefore and after the implementation of the restriction policy. As for Beijing,the three indicators are the residentialconstruction area,the newly developed residential area and the completed residential area,of which the latter two indicators are in the same direction as the policy regulation;as for Tianjin,the four indicators are the real estate developmentinvestment,the residential development investment,the residential construction area,and the residential sales area,all of which are in the opposite direction to the policy regulation. In conclusion,whether to the cities that stick to the policy or tothe ones that have canceled the policy,the current restriction policy has not effectively achieved the expected ideal effect of the macroeconomic regulation. In order to achieve some goals to the housing market,the government must adjust thedetails of restriction policy,and especially add the pertinence.