气象服务经济价值评估方法研究

Evaluation Method of Economic Value of Meteorological Services

气象服务主要体现为无形的信息和数据,以及对这些信息和数据进行处理后形成的预报、预警和建议。使用者利用气象服务进行决策,最终对资源配置、经济产出和社会整体福利产生影响。气象服务具有重要的价值创造功能,因此,对其经济价值进行评估成为气象经济学领域的重要前沿课题。气象服务价值评估方法主要包括:市场价格评估法、规范的决策制定模型、描述性的行为反应模型、条件价值评估法。这四种方法各具优点和不足,在实践中需要综合运用。

Meteorological services are mainly reflected in the invisible information and data,as well as the forecast,earlywarning and recommendations based on the processed information and data. Users use meteorological services to make decisions that ultimately have an impact on resource allocation,economic output,and overall social well-being. Meteorological services have important functions of value creation,so the evaluation of their economic value becomes an importantfrontier issue in the field of meteorological economics. The value evaluation methods include market price valuation,normative decision-making model,descriptive behavioral response model,and contingent valuation. These four methods havetheir own advantages and disadvantages,and need to be integrated in practice.