从四组劳动范畴看马克思的异化劳动概念

On Marx's Concept of Alienated Labor from the Perspective of Four Labor Category Groups

马克思认为,劳动是人的类本质,是自由自觉的活动,但在资本主义制度下劳动异化成难以忍受的苦役。资本主义生产的"抽象劳动主体性原则"导致了使用价值的社会化,使交换价值居于中心地位,并使拜物教从使用价值崇拜进一步发展表现为交换价值崇拜;货币拜物教加深了人的物役性。资本主义生产方式的出现使社会从过剩消费转向过剩生产,资产阶级经济学家视不生产阶级为资本主义生产的必要构件,把不生产阶级的奢侈浪费视为消除过剩生产的必要手段,与不生产阶级奢侈浪费相对立的是劳动者阶级在资本主义生产条件下被剥夺得仅能勉强维持生存。资本主义生产的这种荒谬性源于资本对劳动的统治,即死劳动对活劳动的支配。

Marx believes that labor, as the essence of human being and a free and conscious activity, is alienated to be an unbearable slavery under the capitalist system.The ＂abstract labor subjectivity principle＂ of the capitalist productionhas led to the socialization of use value, put exchange value at the central position, transformed the fetishism from use value to exchange value, and made money fetishism deepen people＇s madness about material. The emergence of the capitalist production has turned the society from excessive consumption to excessive production. Bourgeois economists regard non--productive class as the necessary part of capitalist production, and the extravagant life of non--productive class asnecessary means to eliminate excessive production, with contrast to the working class being deprived to make ends meet. Marx holds that the absurdity of capitalist production comes from the domination of capital over labor, that is, the domination of dead labor over living labor.