从福利资本主义到福利社会主义——福利国家理论的新马克思主义视角

From Welfare Capitalism to Welfare Socialism——The Theory of the Welfare State in the Perspective of New Marxism

随着1973年石油危机及紧随其后的世界范围内的经济危机的爆发,资本主义福利国家模式遭受巨大创伤并陷入重重危机,各种质疑和否定之声也随之响起。与新自由主义简单否定福利国家不同,新马克思主义认为福利国家是不可逆转的趋势,彻底否定福利国家是不现实的,必须寻求福利国家重组的道路。消除资本主义危机的根本途径在于社会主义,而消除福利国家危机、实现福利国家重组的根本途径在于实现"福利资本主义"向"福利社会主义"的转变。在这个过程中,必须充分利用新兴的社会运动,从国家主义战略转向非国家主义战略,避免以往福利国家过多依赖国家主义干预带来的困境。

After the World War II, the welfare state mode had been formed in major capitalist countries and made great achievements, but the highly regarded capitalist welfare state mode didn＇t withstand the impact of economic crisis. With the 1973 oil crisis and the worldwide economic crisis, the welfare state suffered enormous pain and came to deep crises followed with all kinds of questions. Therefore, how to reconstruct the welfare state rather than simply and totally deny it in current situation became the main starting point of the welfare state theory of new Marxism. In the view of new Marxists, the fundamental way out for reconstruction of welfare state lles in transforming ＂welfare capitalism＂ to ＂welfare socialism＂ , and making full use of non--state strategic ways such as new social movements.