多单位治理:基层治理单元的演化与创设逻辑——以中国农村基层治理单元演化为研究对象

Multi-unit Governance:the Logic of Evolution and Creation of Grassroots Governance Units——Based on the Evolution of Rural Grassroots Governance Units in China

传统国家向现代国家的转变也带动了基层治理单位的演变,主要表现在四个方面:一是从纵向的统治功能转向横向的治理功能;二是从"单单位治理"转向"多单位治理";三是在"多单位治理"中,又从"简单的多单位治理"转向"复杂的多单位治理";四是在"多单位治理"的演化中,单位的数量增长有一定的限度,但是其功能的需求和增长则是无止境的。基层治理单位演变和功能拓展的主要原因在于经济的发展、相关主体需求的提升以及国家治理能力的增强。鉴于此,国家治理要把握好基层治理单位的演变逻辑及治理功能的拓展范围,及时设置新的治理单位,拓展新的治理功能,包容、支持和培育新的治理单元,因单位实施政策,实现多单位协调。

The transition from traditional state to modern state has led to the evolution of grassroots governance units as well. First,it leads to the longitudinal rule function turned to the transversal governance function.Second,it brings the changes from the single-unit governance to multi-unit governance. Third,in the multi-unit governance,it leads to the simple multi-unit governance turned to the complex multi-unit governance. Fourth,in the evolution of multi-unit governance,there is a limit to the growth of the units,but the demand and growth of the function are endless. The main reason for the evolution of grassroots governance units and unit management is the development of economy,the demand of the relevant subject and the enhancement of national governance ability. In view of this,the state governance should grasp the evolution of grass-roots governance units and the expansion of governance functions,timely set up new management units,expand new governance functions,include and support the new governance units. In general,the state governance should be based on different units to implement the policy,in order to achieve the coordination between different units.