卵巢储备功能评估的研究进展

Research Progress on the Evaluation of Ovarian Reserve

卵巢储备功能是指女性卵巢内可募集的卵泡数量和质量,反映了女性的生育潜能。卵巢功能早衰(POF)是指妇女在40岁前发生卵巢功能衰退,伴有围绝经期症候群、不孕、低雌激素、高促性腺激素等,发病率较高,已成为不孕症的最主要病因之一。若能在POF早期即卵巢储备功能下降时正确评估卵巢储备功能并及时治疗,可在一定程度上减轻围绝经期症状并增加妊娠概率。另外,随着辅助生殖技术的发展,若能早期正确评估卵巢储备功能,对于临床预测生育力、指导用药方案也非常重要。近来对于卵巢储备功能的评估指标仍有争议,但多数研究者均认为单一指标预测准确率较低,多指标联合应用常为首选。本文就卵巢储备功能评估指标的研究进展进行综述,以期能够指导医护人员在工作中选择更加合适的评估卵巢储备功能的手段,为开展相关治疗和研究提供依据,并促进卵巢功能衰退患者及时就医,从而减轻临床症状,改善生活质量。

Ovarian reserve refers to the number and quality of follicles raised in the female ovaries, which reflects the fertility potential of women. Premature ovarian failure （POF） is one of the most important causes of infertility, which is defined as the ovarian dysfunction in women before the age of 40, accompanied by perimenopausal syndrome, infertility, low level of estrogen and high levels of gonadotropins, etc.. If the ovarian reserve can be correctly evaluated in the early stage of POF, and the POF patients can be treated timely, POF can be delayed. The perimenopausal symptoms can be reduced, and the possibility of pregnancy increased. In addition, the early and accurate evaluation of ovarian reserve is essential to forecast the fertility potential and to guide the drug regimen. Recently, there is a dispute over the estimate of ovarian reserve. Most researchers believe that for the limitation of single indicator for the evaluation of ovarian reserve, the multi-indicator combination is often preferred. The article summarizes the research progress on the evaluation of ovarian reserve, which provides us a reference for the evaluation of ovarian reserve, the treatment and study of POF, and for those POF patients to get timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.