江苏北部地区方言民俗的特征分布与内部分区

The Characteristics Distributions and Internal Division of Northern Jiangsu Dialect and Folklore

文章以苏北地区的650多个方言点为研究对象,主要考察苏北方言民俗的特征分布与方言分区等问题,并对苏北方言民俗的特征分布与明清行政区划格局的关系进行了初步的比较和分析。根据苏北地区97个语音、词汇、民俗等条目的特征分布绘制出同言线并叠加在一起,可以得到8条同言线束,通过同言线束图及其所包含条目的数量的比较可以看出,同言线束具有一定的幅度;自西南向东北的是同言线束的基本走向;东海、泗洪两地过渡特征明显;语音、词汇条目对同言线束的贡献不均。以语音条目为主要依据,辅以词汇、民俗条目把苏北方言分为江淮官话区和中原官话两区,四个小片,两个点群。苏北方言民俗特征分区与明清行政区划的一致性表明行政区划格局对方言分区有一定的影响,而差异性应该是语言(方言)之间的接触、演变和扩散造成的。

Taking more than 650 dialects in northern Jiangsu as the research objects,this paper mainly studies the characteristics distributions and internal division of Northern Jiangsu dialect and folklore,and has carried on the preliminary comparison and analysis of the relationship between the characteristics distributions of Northern Jiangsu dialect and folklore and the administrative division pattern of Ming and Qing dynasties.8bundles of isoglosses were gained by drawing out the isoglosses according to the characteristics distributions of 97 pronunciation,vocabulary and folklore items in Northern Jiangsu and superposing them.Through the comparison of the isogloss bundle diagrams and the number of their included items,it can be seen that the isoglosses have certain amplitude,that the basic direction of the isogloss bundles is from southwest to northeast,that the transitional characteristics of the dialect in Donghai and Sihong are obvious and that the contributions of pronunciation and lexical entries to the isoglosses are unbalanced.With the phonetic entries as the main basis,supplemented by the vocabulary and folklore entries,the northern Jiangsu dialect and folklore were divided into Zhongyuan mandarin and Jianghuai mandarin,with four small pieces and two point groups.The consistency of the Northern Jiangsu dialect and folklore and the administrative division of the Ming and Qing Dynasties indicates that the administrative division pattern has certain influence on the dialect classification,which may be caused by the contact,the evolution and diffusion of the dialects.