物联网模式下的农业土壤养分监测及施肥系统研究

Monitoring and Fertilization System System of Agricultural Soil Nutrients Based on Internet of Things

针对目前国内传统施肥方式中,存在基肥施用量大,盲目施肥,氮、磷、钾单一品种化肥用量过多,导致土壤肥力退化、土壤养分不均衡,影响到农作物增收等现状,借助物联网技术、近红外分析技术、现代通信技术和无线网络技术,选用近红外分析技术和基于FFT算法及小波变换的光谱微弱信号处理方法,实现实时监测土壤养分的变化,全面而准确地掌握农业土壤养分情况,并智能控制自动施肥执行端施肥。为此,进行了样机试制,并运用于不同的农业土壤,包括褐土、红土、黑土等进行养分监测和施肥试验。结果表明:农业土壤养分监测及施肥系统可稳定运行,精准施肥,能满足不同农业土壤的精确施肥。本系统可指导科学施肥,提高农业生产的施肥水平,减少农业污染。

A monitoring and fertilization system system of agricultural soil nutrients based on internet of things ,NIR tech-nology、modern communications technology and wireless network technology is designed and build up to improve the do -mestic fertilization methods and solve the problem of soil fertility degradation , soil nutrient imbalance、surfeit basal fertiliz-er, blind fertilization、excessive phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ,etc.A FFT algorithm and wavelet transform process-ing method is applied to analyzing weak spectral signal for obtaining soil nutrient data with the advantages of real -time , high-speed , accuracy , time-saving , non-destruct and easy to realize the in-situ analysis .Test results showed that the monitoring and fertilization system system operates steadily on monitoring soil nutrients and control soil nutrients through automatic fertilization , and can meet the precise fertilizing demand on different agricultural soils , the system can guide scientific fertilization , improve fertilization level of agricultural production and reduce agricultural pollution .