我国保护性耕作技术研究现状及展望

The Current Research Status of Conservation Tillage Technology

保护性耕作是我国一种重要的耕作模式,对于保障我国粮食安全以及促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。为此,介绍了我国近几年机械化免耕播种面积、机械深松面积、机械化免耕覆盖播种面积及保护性耕作面积变化情况;结合保护性耕作工艺特点,对秸秆残茬处理、免少耕施肥播种、土壤深松和杂草病虫害防治等关键技术研究现状进行了分析,总结了现有的秸秆还田、免耕播种、深松机械和植保机械等相关配套机具的工作原理及作业特点,并对相关典型机具进行了介绍。最后,对于目前保护性耕作存在的问题提出了一些解决方案,为我国保护性耕作的研究及发展提供参考依据。

Conservation tillage technology , a kind of important cultivation mode in our country , is of great significance for the guarantee of food security and the promotion of sustainable agricultural development in China .Therefore , changes of planting area in mechanization of no-till seeding,mechanical subsoiling , no-till planting and conservation tillage in re-cent years were introduced in this paper .Combining with the characteristics of conservation tillage technology , the key technology research status such as straw residues management , zero or reduced tillage fertilizing and seeding , soil subsoi-ling and weed pest control were analyzed .Working principles and characteristics of current machinery and relevant sup-porting tools in straw counters-field, no-till seeding , subsoiling and plant protection were summarized and described in detail .Finally , several solutions were put forward for the present problems existing in conservation tillage in this paper , so as to provide a reference for the research and development of conservation tillage .