陕西省某卷烟厂生产过程职业病危害调查与关键控制点分析

Investigation on occupational hazards and analysis on critical control points in production process of a cigarette factory of Shaanxi Province

目的了解陕西省某卷烟厂生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素水平与分布状况,分析采取的职业病防护措施,确定职业病危害的关键控制点和关键控制措施。方法依据国家相关标准,采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测等方法进行现场检测及综合评价。结果该卷烟厂生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素为烟草尘、噪声和高温。粉尘检测结果显示,制丝车间就地风选机预处理工、残烟皮带下料口加香工接触烟草尘的超限倍数分别达3.5和2.7,超过最大超限倍数。噪声检测结果表明,制丝车间就地风选机及振动筛分机、热风润叶加料机、振动筛分机运行时产生的噪声强度分别为85.5、85.7和85.2 dB(A),动力车间集中除尘站和风机房运行噪声分别达88.2和86.5 dB(A),均属于噪声作业环境。结论该卷烟厂采取的职业病防护措施运行有效。生产过程中的职业病危害防治关键控制点为制丝车间单元就地风选机、残烟皮带下料口产生的烟草尘及就地风选机及振动筛分机、热风润叶加料机、振动筛分机、动力车间集中除尘站、风机房产生的噪声。职业病防治的重点包括进一步改善就地风选机及残烟皮带下料口的除尘装置设置,合理安排工作时间,缩短制丝车间及动力车间作业人员接触噪声的时间。

[Objective]To understand the level and distribution of occupational hazards in production process of a cigarette factory of Shaanxi Province,analyze preventive measures,identify the critical control points of occupational hazards and develop the critical control measures.[Methods]According to related national hygienic standards,methods including field occupational health investigation and occupational hazards detection were applied in comprehensive detection and assessment.[Results]The main occupational hazard factors in production process of the cigarette factory were tobacco dust,noise and high temperature. The dust detection results showed that the excursion limits from primary winnower pretreatment workers in processing workshop and flavoring workers in discard tobacco belt discharging window were 3.5 and 2.7 respectively,which exceeded relative standards. The noise detection results showed that the intensity of noise detected in primary winnower and vibrating screen of cutting workshop,wetting hot air feeder and vibrating screen was respectively 85.5 dB（A）,85.7 dB（A）and 85.2 dB（A）,and the intensity of noise from centralized dusting station of power workshop and fan room was respectively 88.2 dB（A）and 86.5 dB（A）,which all belonged to noise exposure. [Conclusion]The protective measures against occupational hazards in the cigarette factory are feasible and effective. The critical control points on occupational hazards in production process include tobacco dust from primary winnower of cutting workshop and discard tobacco belt discharging window,and noise from primary winnower and vibrating screen of cutting workshop,wetting hot air feeder,vibrating screen,centralized dusting station of power workshop and fan room. The critical control measures on occupational hazards are improving dust remover devices of primary winnower and discard tobacco belt discharging window,arranging working time reasonably,shortening the dust exposure duration of workers in cutting workshop and power workshop.