2011—2015年广东省某核电站工作人员淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析

Analysis on chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of workers in a nuclear power plant of Guangdong Province from 2011-2015

目的分析广东省某核电站工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变类型及畸变率,评价接触低剂量中子和γ-射线辐射的核电站工作人员放射损伤状况,为其辐射防护和职业健康监护提供科学依据。方法以广东某核电站2011—2015年间接受职业健康监护的159名核电运营离岗工作人员为辐射组,以该实验室收集的深圳市88例无射线和毒物接触史、身体健康的成人为对照组,2组均采用改良微培养法进行全血培养,检测外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变,并进行统计学分析。结果辐射组核电工作人员染色体总畸变率(0.26%)显著高于对照组人员(0.66%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);辐射组染色单体型畸变(断片、无着丝粒环)显著高于对照组人员,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而染色体型畸变(双着丝粒体和环状染色体)与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同辐射工龄核电站工作人员淋巴细胞染色体畸变率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随着工龄增加呈升高趋势。结论应加强核电站工作人员辐射防护,切实保障其健康和安全。

[Objective] To analyze the chromosomal aberration types and aberration rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers in a nuclear power plant of Guangdong Province,assess the radiation damage of workers exposed to low dose neutron andγ-ray irradiation, provide scientific basis for radiation protection and occupational health surveillance in this population.[Methods]159 workers in a nuclear power plant of Guangdong Province,who have received the occupational health surveillance from 2011-2015,were chosen as the objectives,and 88 healthy adults without radiation and toxic substance exposure collected in this laboratory were chosen as controls. Chromosomal aberrations of two groups were all detected with a modified culture of lymphocyte,and the data were statistically analyzed.[Results]Chromosomal aberration rate in radiation group（0.26%） was significantly higher than that in control group（0.06%）,and the difference was statistically significant（P 0.05）. The number of chromatid-type aberration（chromosome fragment,acentric ring）in radiation group was significantly more than that of control group,and the difference was statistically significant（P 0.05）,while there was no statistically significant difference in number of chromosome-type aberration（dicentric chromosome,centric ring） between two groups（P 0.05）. The difference in lymphocyte chromosomal aberration rate of was statistically significant among different radiation age groups,and it increased with the length of service.[Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the radiation protection among workers in nuclear power plant to ensure their health and safety.