2011—2015年淮安市狂犬病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Huaian City from 2011-2015

目的分析2011—2015年淮安市狂犬病流行病学特征,为预防控制措施提供依据。方法收集淮安市狂犬病疫情资料和个案资料进行描述性分析。结果 2011—2015年淮安市共报告狂犬病病例37例,年平均发病率0.15/10万,总体发病趋势平稳;发病时间主要在6—10月份,病例分布集中在市区北部,男女比例为4.29∶1,职业主要为农民。92.49%的病例为犬所伤,6例病例在接种狂犬疫苗中或之后不久死亡。潜伏期中位数为3个月,病程中位数为3 d。结论应提高该市高危人群的防护意识,合理使用被动免疫制剂,狂犬病暴露后的预防处置可以适当扩大到全部的温血哺乳动物。

[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Huaian City from 20l 1-2015, provide scientific： evidence for developing the prevention and control measures.[Methods~ The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic and case data of rabies. [Results ] Totally 37 cases of rabies were notified in Huaian City from 2011-2015. The average annual incidence rate was 0.15/lakh, and the epidemic trend was steady. The peak season appeared June to October. The cases concentrated in the north of urban area. The male-to-female ratio was 4.29：1, and most of cases were farmer. 92.49% of patients were injured by dog, and 6 cases died during or after rabies vaccine immunization. The median of the incubation period was 3 months, and the median of disease course was 3 days.[ Conclusion] It is necessary to improve the protection awareness in high-risk groups, rationally use the passive immunization preparations. Prevention after exposure to rabies may be appropriately extended to all warm-blooded mammals.