关于十月革命争论的历史回顾与当代思考

A Historical Review of & Contemporary Thinking on the Debate of the October Revolution

历史公认,十月革命是世界历史发展进程中的大事件,但对于十月革命却一直存在分歧和争论。这种争论,大致可以分为十月革命前、十月革命后、斯大林时代、后斯大林时代、苏联解体前后等五个时期。争论的基本问题可以概括为:十月革命是偶然的还是必然的、是少数人的政变还是人民的革命,十月革命的性质是资产阶级民主革命还是社会主义革命,十月革命道路是可选择的还是唯一的、是特定的还是普适的,十月革命是巨大的灾难还是伟大的革命、是失败了还是胜利了。回顾历史,面对当代,或许我们会得到以下启示:必须清醒地认识到争论的背后是政治力量的较量,必须加强党的领导核心和主流意识形态建设,必须客观辩证地看待和评价历史。

The October Revolution is universally acknowledged as a great event in the development of world history. But there has been some controversy as to its nature and other aspects. The debate arose roughly in five periods: prior to the October Revolution,post the Revolution, in the Stalin era, post the Stalin era, before and after the Soviet Union Dissolution. The basic questions can be summarized as follows: was the Revolution accidental or inevitable?; was it a coup d'etat of minority or a people's revolution?; was it a bourgeois democratic revolution or a socialist revolution?; was the road of the Revolution unique, specific or universal?; was the Revolution a disaster or a great revolution, a failure or a victory?. Looking back on the history, we are certainly well enlightened. We must be aware of the fierce political struggle behind the controversy, strengthen both the construction of the core of the Party and the construction of the mainstream ideology, and objectively evaluate the history.