我国港口原油码头布局及供需能力分析

Crude Oil Dock Development in China:Spatial Distribution,Capacity and Problems

原油是我国港口运输的重要大宗货类,原油码头是石化企业运输网络的关键节点。本文阐述了我国港口原油码头的发展现状和布局特征,对20世纪90年代以来的原油码头通过能力及接卸需求进行分析,分析表明,近年来我国原油码头大型化、专业化趋势明显,码头资源不断整合、布局逐渐完善,但仍存在空间分布"极不均衡"、码头建设"供过于求"、中转码头数量和规模有限、码头建设管理机制混乱等问题。

With the rapid development of petrochemical industries in China, the trade transportation demands of crude oil has a substantial increase, and the importance of crude oil docks have become more obvious. Based on the previous studies both at home and abroad, this paper takes crude oil docks as the study objects to analyze its spatial distribution and development features. Secondly, the paper makes a comparison between crude oil unloading demand and dock throughput capacity to verity its supply-demand balance since 1990. Finally, the paper summarizes crude oil docks＇ existing problems, in order to come up with the feasible strategies for its further construction. The research shows that： there are more and more large-scale, specialized crude oil docks in our country recent years, and port resources get integrated gradually. But there are still some problems to be solved, such as unevenly distribution and over-supply of crude oil docks, limited transfer docks and chaotic mechanism of docks＇ construction and management.