生态学马克思主义对生态价值观的重构

The Reconstruction of the Ecological Values by Ecological Marxism

西方"深绿"思潮把人类中心主义价值观看作是当代生态危机的根源,强调只有破除人类中心主义价值观,确立以"自然价值论"和"自然权利论"为主要内容的生态中心主义价值观,才能解决生态危机。西方"浅绿"思潮在为人类中心主义价值观作辩护的同时,对近代强式人类中心主义价值观做了必要的修正,最终形成以"开明的人类中心主义"和"弱式人类中心主义"为主要内容的现代人类中心主义价值观。西方"红绿"思潮中的有机马克思主义则批判现代性价值体系本质上是一种漠视人类之外的存在物的价值和利益的人类中心主义,由此必然导致人类与自然关系的扭曲和生态危机,因此应当以承认自然存在物的内在价值为前提,展开共同体价值观培育的有机教育。"红绿"思潮中的生态学马克思主义则是在批判"深绿"和"浅绿"思潮所主张的生态价值观的基础上,重建了"人类中心主义价值观"和"生态中心主义价值观",但他们与"深绿"、"浅绿"思潮的本质区别在于他们重建的两种价值观始终是与对资本主义制度和生产方式的批判联系在一起的。

Westernthought of＂dark green＂,which thinks the anthropocentrism values as the root of the contemporary ecological crisis,emphasizes that the values of ecological centrism,mainly based on the value of nature and the right of nature,can be established to solve the ecological crisis after breaking anthropocentrism values.Western thought of＂light green＂,pleading the values of anthropocentrism,necessarily modifies the values of modern strong anthropocentrism,and finally forms the values of modern anthropocentrism mainly based on enlightened anthropocentrism and weak anthropocentrism.The organic Marxism of western＂red and green＂thought criticizes the modern value system is essentially the anthropocentrism that disregards the value and the interests of non-human being,which inevitably causes the distorted relationship between human and nature and the ecological crisis.Therefore,an organic education of community values should be carried out after admitting the intrinsic value of natural beings.Criticizing the ecological values advocated by ＂dark green＂and ＂light green＂ideas,ecological Marxism has reconstructed the values of anthropocentrism and the values of ecological centrism.It has the essential difference from thoughts of＂dark green＂and＂light green＂that the values of anthropocentrism and the values of ecological centrism they have reconstructed are always associated with the capitalist system and its way of production.