马克思漠视熵定律吗?——生态经济学与生态马克思主义的论争

Does Marx Ignore the Law of Entropy?——The Debate between Ecological Economics and Ecological Marxism

以阿里尔为代表的生态经济学家与以福斯特、伯克特为代表的生态马克思主义者,就马克思与熵的关系问题展开了批判与反批判的深度交锋。鉴于熵定律在生态经济学中的重要作用,阿里尔批判了马克思对熵定律的漠视,指责其忽视了自然条件对人类经济社会生活的限制。对此,福斯特、伯克特展开了反批判,论述了马克思将热力学应用到劳动力价值的形成和剩余价值的创造的分析中,并借此阐释了马克思主义之于生态经济学的多重意义。福斯特、伯克特是以历史唯物主义的方法论,反对将生态环境问题作能量还原论的阐释,并借此阐述了马克思的"新陈代谢—热力学"思想,进一步夯实了马克思主义生态学何以可能的学理支撑。

The ecological economists represented by Alier and the ecological Marxists represented by Foster and Burkett have launched a debate on the relationship between Marx and entropy.In view of the important role of entropy law in ecological economics,Alier criticized Marx＇s indifference to the law of entropy and accused it of ignoring the restriction of natural conditions on human economic and social life.In this regard,Foster and Burkett fought against this criticism,discussing the application of thermodynamics to the formation of labor value and the creation of surplus value in Marx＇s analysis and illustrating the multiple significance of Marxism to ecological economics.Foster and Burkett＇s anti-criticism is based on the historical materialism,which does not regard ecological environment problems as energy reduction.It further illustrates Marx＇s thought of＂metabolism-thermodynamics＂and consolidates the theoretical support for the possibility of the Marxist ecology.