英国既有建筑绿色化改造方法剖析与案例解读——以威尔士建筑学院的研究为例

A Review on Case Studies of Domestic Retrofit Research in the UK

通过分析英国卡迪夫大学既有建筑绿色化改造典型案例,归纳出针对建筑单体尺度、规划群体尺度的不同改造策略和操作流程。其中详细剖析了英国的建筑用能现状、既有居住建筑的分类方法、卡迪夫大学威尔士建筑学院模拟预测工具,并借助案例的运行监测揭示单项与整体改造不同的成本增量与节能减排潜力,得到有效的既有建筑改造设计方法,期望对我国的既有建筑绿色化改造提供借鉴和参考。

This article presents different domestic retrofit cases which demonstrate the potential strategies involved both in building scale and urban scale implemented by Welsh School of Architecture. In order to carry out integrated analysis for the decision making of retrofit, the energy consumption, classification methods and calculation tools of the UK housing stock are illustrated in this article and with the help of these retrofit programs in Wales, UK, energy savings, CO2 reduction and costs are compared based on elemental, multiple or whole house approach. The result validates that the ＇whole house＇ approach, rather than ＇elemental＇ strategies, can serve as a multi-objective optimization approach which balances energy consumption, occupant comfort and architectural aesthetics even with relatively expensive cost currently. The retrofit strategies summarized from the practical cases give prominence to the tailored options of specific individuals or groups, which are references to the existing residences in China.