八世班禅丹贝旺秋年谱(二)

A Study on the Eighth Panchen Denbe Wangchuk Chronicle

八世班禅丹贝旺秋是历辈班禅中享寿最短的一位,但是他的一生却有几个重要的方面:他所处的时代是从鸦片战争以后的太平天国运动、第二次鸦片战争到英国帝国主义武装侵略西藏之间,经历了咸丰、同治、光绪初年中国历史的剧烈变迁,也经历了西藏从七世班禅到十三世达赖喇嘛之间的一个重要变化阶段;他所领导的后藏地区又与不丹、锡金、尼泊尔、拉达克接界,最早受到英国帝国主义者觊觎窥探;他继承了之前的几位班禅大师的地位,和清朝中央政府、前藏拉萨的政教领袖以及甘青川藏区和蒙古各地的格鲁派事务有密切联系,是这一阶段中的几位达赖喇嘛和班禅额尔德尼(十世、十一世、十二世达赖喇嘛、八世班禅)中发挥作用最多的格鲁派领袖;他又因其苯教家族出身以及从萨迦派高僧受比丘戒而引起过争议。这些因素使他短暂的一生具有丰富多彩的内容,同时也留下了不少需要探讨的问题。本文主要依据他的藏文传记,按年月顺序排列他的重要事迹,为学者们研究这位班禅大师提供基本的线索。

Among the past Panchen lama reincarnation system, the eighth Panchen lama Denbe Wang- chuk＇s （Bstan--bvi--dbang--phyug）life length was shortest one, but his life has experienced several important historic times. His lifetime era is in the second Opium War, the Taiping movement and the the British imperialist armed aggression Tibet historic period, and experienced Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu the early years of the dramatic changes in Chinese history. And also experienced an important stage of change in the history of Tibet from the seventh Panchen Lama to the thirteenth Dalai Lama. His led region is in the Shikhatse region, was border of Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, Ladakh. He inherited the previous position/; of past Panchen Lama,and closely linked with the Qing Dynasty Central Government, the Lhasa local Government, Gelupa sect affairs in Gansu,Qinghai and Sichuan Tibetan Region, as well as Mongolian. Among the Geplupa leader（tenth, eleventh, twelfth Dalai Lama,and eight Panchen Lama）he played the most important roles in in this stage. He also caused controversy because of his Bon family origin and ordained by Sakya monk. Above these factors make his short life with rich and colorful, same time left us many questions to making further study. Based on his Tibetan biography, this paper try to arranges his important deeds in the chronological order, providing basic clues to the study of this Panchen Lama.