两种类型农机专业合作社运行机制和绩效分析

Analysis on Operating Mechanism and Performance of the Two Kinds of Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives

农机专业合作社(以下简称农机专合社)是我国实现农业机械化、推进农业社会化服务的有效途径。为了提高农机专合社的运行效率和优化其发展路径,采用案例分析和对比分析的方法,以四川省营山县两个基于不同生成机制(内生机制和外生机制)成立的农机专合社为例,从生成机制、服务机制和利益分配机制方面分析比较它们的运行机制。结果表明:外生型农机专合社更容易获得政府政策、项目的支持,在运转资金、农机数量和人员配备等方面具有优势,但在农机服务范围和调动社员积极性方面弱于内生型农机专合社;内生型农机专合社更有利于社员自身价值的实现和人均收入的提高,但在资本利用效率方面弱于外生型农机专合社。最后,给出两种类型农机专合社融合发展的思路,并具体提出两类农机专合社在成长期的具体发展策略。

Agricultural machinery cooperative （AMC） is an effective way to realize agricultural mechanization and pro- mote agricultural socialized service effectively. The paper is to enhance the operational efficiency of AMCs, and designed to optimize AMCs＇ development path. And the two AMCs, which have different generative mechanisms in Yingshan, work as the research objects. In brief, the paper compared the two types＇ operating mechanism in terms of the genera- tive, service and interest distribution mechanism, by the methods of cases analysis and comparative analysis. The results show that： It＇ s easier for the exophytic AMCs to get support from government policies and projects. The exophytics have absolute advantages on operating funds, the number of agricultural machineries, and staffing etc, while the endogenous AMCs have advantage in mobilizing the enthusiasm of the members and have larger business coverage. The endogenous is better for members to resize their own value and improve their per-capita income, however, its capital utilization is lower than the exophytics. In the end, the author put forward the ideas how to make the two types＇ fusion development come true. And the two types＇ specific development strategies, during the growth period, also are proposed.