马铃薯播种机排种机械化种植技术研究

Research on Mechanized Potato Seed Sowing Technniques

马铃薯是我国一种重要经济作物,在我国有较大的种植规模。为实现马铃薯种植的机械化,基于传感器和单片机技术,结合现有的马铃薯播种机,设计了一种新的排种系统,以解决马铃薯播种过程中的漏播和重播问题。该排种系统由操作显示屏、速度感应装置、数据分析模块、挡板控制器和报警装置几个部分组成。工作时,通过速度感应装置获取播种机的行进速度,然后由数据分析模块根据所设定的播种株距计算挡板开关的频率并进行控制,以达到精准播种的效果。对装载该排种系统的马铃薯播种机在4种不同行进速度工作时,进行薯种漏播率、直播率和株距数据调查,发现漏播率和重播率都很低,远远小于行业标准,且种植的株距与设定值差异很小,具有较高的精确性,能够很好地满足马铃薯种植的要求;其行进速度在0.8m/s左右时,种植质量和作业效率同时达到最佳。

Potato is an important cash crop in China which has a large planting scale. To achieve mechanized production of potato cultivation, the paper-based sensors and microcontrollers used in automatic control technology, combined with the existing potato planter, we designed a new seeding system to solve the potato planting during the broadcast and replay leak problem . The seed metering system consists of several parts operating display, speed sensors, data analysis module, the shutter controller and alarm devices composed. Through the speed sensing device planter travel speed, and then by the data analysis module spacing calculated shutter switch in accordance with the set seeding frequency and controlled to achieve accurate seeding effect. The load on the seeding system potato planter at four different speeds of travel on potato seed sowing leak rate, broadcast rate and spacing data to investigate and found the loaded potato planter seeding system operations generated leakage rate and sowing replay rates are very low, far less than the industry standard. Planting spac-ing set value difference is small, with high accuracy, can well meet the requirements of potato cultivation. And found that the mechanical control when traveling speed 0. 8m/s or so, growing quality and operational efficiency while achieving optimum.