中国农业机械化现状与发展模式研究

Research of the Present Situation and Development Model of China Agricultural Mechanization

通过农作物耕种收综合化水平、主要农作物全程机械化水平、作业各环节机械化水平及各省农作物耕种收综合机械化水平等方面分析我国农业机械化发展现状,指出制度体系不完善、农业机械保有量总体较低、农业机械技术质量与科研水平落后、土地资源集约化水平偏低及农业劳动人员作业素质偏低等问题是制约我国农业机械化发展的主要因素。研究基于政策、农民、土地、机械相协调的新型发展模式,指出土地适度集约化将是农业发展的趋势,新型职业农民的培育是农业机械化的根本,先进农业机械的研发是关键,而政策的引导将是发展农业机械化的重要推手。详细分析了政策支持、农民职业化、土地适度集约、农业机械技术提高等各要素的具体要求,并提出建设性意见。

The present situations of agricultural mechanization of the main crops in China were analyzed through compre-hensive agricultural mechanization level, mechanization level of main crops, mechanization level of each operation link, and comprehensive agricultural mechanization level of each province. It was pointed out that the imperfect system, the low agricultural machinery maintain, backward agricultural machinery technology, low farmland large-scale management level, low quality of peasant problem were the main problems of China agricultural mechanization. New development model was researched based on coordination between farmers, land, machinery and policy. It was pointed out that the moderate land intensive would be the trend of agricultural, the cultivation of new type of professional farmers would be the basic, advanced agricultural machinery would be the key, and policy guidance would be an important driving force for the development of agricultural mechanization. The requirements of support policy, professional farmer, farmland large-scale management, intelligent agricultural machinery were put forward, and constructive comments were carried out.