宋代开梅山及梅山教研究

A STUDY ON THE EXPLOITATION OF THE MEISHAN AREA AND THE MEISHAN SECT OF DAOISM IN THE SONG DYNASTY

北宋时期章惇的开梅山,是开发南方少数民族地区的重大事件。北宋王朝通过开梅山及对荆湖南、北路的开发,有效加强了对南方少数民族地区的控制。本文通过对开梅山历史过程的详细考释,认为北宋王朝采取大军压境恩威并用的招抚策略,利用宗教文化的认同和地方力量的支持,成功争取到梅山蛮大姓归附朝廷。开梅山将梅山蛮人纳入州县管理系统,增加了中央王朝的财税收入,促进了南方少数民族地区的发展。开梅山之举使梅山教在南岭走廊族群中广泛传播,更凸显梅山教研究的学术价值。

The exploitation of theMeishanarea by Zhangdun in the Northern Song Dynasty is a major event in the history of ethnic minorities in South China. Through the exploitation of theMeishanarea and other uncivilized areas among southern and northern Jinghu, the imperial court of the Northern Song Dynastystrengthened the control of southern ethnic minority areaeffectively. Based on the detailed research on the exploitation history of Meishan, it could be found that the imperial courtof the Song Dynastytook the amnesty strategy of applying the carrot and stick judiciously while the army was bearing down in force, took advantage of religious culturalidentity and local support, finally successfully made the aristocratic family of Meishan submit to the authority of the central government. Due to the development of Meishan, the uncivilized people in Meishan were drawn into the management system of state andcounty. It increased the fiscal revenue of the central government and advanced the development of the ethnic minorities in South China. The exploitation of Meishan made the MeishanSect of Daoism widespread in the minority nationalities in Nanling corridor, highlighting the academic value of studying MeishanSect of Daoism.