从历史中汲取治国理政智慧

On Learning the Wisdom for State Governance from the History

中国史学传统包含春秋笔法与秉笔直书。历史不仅是经验参照,而且是价值标尺和道德准则,因而对治国理政具有重大影响。现代治国理政从历史中汲取智慧可分为四个层次:一是方法和技巧的模仿;二是寻求历史借鉴;三是提高理性认知水平;四是增进人类的智慧。这四个层次,均有走入歧途的可能。传统史学对现代的启迪路径有两个考察维度:一是从事件到趋势,二是从经验到智慧。妨碍获取历史启迪的偏向也有二:一是过多强调更新而忽视积淀,二是过多强调接受而忽视对话。梳理相关问题,有助于协调传统史学与现代政治的关系。

The traditional historiography of China includes ＂write connotatively＂ and ＂write straightforwardly＂. History plays a great role in governing a state not only because it is a reference of experience, but also it is the value ruler and moral code. There are four levels in learning the wisdom for the modern governance from the history with imitating the methods and skills as the first, seeking the reference as the second, raising the level of rational cognition as the third and enhancing the human intelligence as the fourth. Any one of them could be off the track. The traditional historiography enlighten the modern governance via two dimensions, from event to tendency, from experience to wisdom. Meanwhile, there are two deviations preventing the enlightenment, one is emphasizing renewal excessively but ignoring accumulation, the other is stressing adoption but neglecting dialogue. Analyzing the related issues could help coordinate the relationship between the traditional historiography and the modern politics.