全固态锂电池研究进展

Research progress on all-solid-state lithium batteries

电动汽车、大规模储能和微型器件等领域的发展要求不断提高现有二次电池的能量密度、功率密度、工作温度范围和安全性。全固态锂电池作为最具潜力的电化学储能装置,近年来受到广泛关注。本文阐述了全固态锂电池的优点,即固态电解质的使用有助于提高锂电池安全性、能量密度和功率密度,拓宽电池工作温度范围和应用领域;指出了作为全固态电池关键材料的固态电解质应满足的要求,并在此基础上分别讨论了聚合物电解质和无机固态电解质(特别是硫化物和氧化物)的优缺点;介绍了固态锂电池的3种结构类型,即薄膜型、3D薄膜型和体型,综述了全固态锂电池从薄膜型向体型发展的历史进程及现状,并在此基础上讨论了全固态电池最终实现安全性、高能量密度和功率密度仍需解决的固态电解质材料方面问题。

The development of automobile, large-scale energy storage, and micro devices requires the ever increasing energy and power density and the improvement of the safety and operation temperature range of the secondary battery. All-solid-state lithium batteries （ASSLBs） draw much attention recently as the most potential electrochemical energy storage device. In this review, the advantages of ASSLBs, i.e., the benefits of incorporating solid electrolytes on the improvement of the safety, energy and power density and expanding the operation temperature and application fields of lithium batteries, are summarized. The requirements for qualified solid electrolytes used as the key material in ASSLBs are also suggested, based on which the advantages and disadvantages of polymer electrolytes and inorganic solid electrolytes （especially sulfides and oxides） are discussed. The three configurations, i.e., thin film, 3D thin film, and bulk type, of ASSLBs are introduced. The history and present status of ASSLBs progressing from the thin film type to the bulk type are reviewed with the focus on the representative prototype batteries developed so far. The barriers associated with solid electrolyte materials that still hinder ASSLBs from achieving high safety, energyand power density are finally indicated.