西藏色季拉山珍稀濒危野生药用植物资源优先保护序列研究

Protection priority of rare and endangered wild medicinal plants in Shegyla Mountains,Tibet

【目的】调查西藏色季拉山的珍稀濒危药用植物资源,并对其进行保护等级划分,确定其优先保护序列,为色季拉山野生珍稀濒危药用植物资源的保护及开发利用提供依据。【方法】在色季拉山设置样方63套,每套样方中设1个10m×10m的乔木样方、1个5m×5m的灌木藤本样方和4个2m×2m的草本样方,调查记录其海拔、经纬度、坡度、坡向等地理信息以及样地内每个物种的高度、盖度、株数等生物学信息。计算珍稀濒危药用植物的名录现状系数(L)、蕴藏系数(D)、濒危价值系数(E)、遗传价值系数(G)、利用价值系数(U)、保护现状系数(C)和繁殖难易系数(R),对这7个系数赋予不同的权重,得出每种药用植物的优先保护值(V),确定其保护等级,并对不同药效和药用部位的珍稀濒危药用植物的保护级别进行分析。【结果】色季拉山需保护的药用植物资源分属27科57属,其有83种,占色季拉山药用植物总科数、总属数、总种数的25.96%,16.29%和12.83%。处于Ⅰ级保护的药用植物资源有6科10属11种;处于Ⅱ级保护的药用植物资源有14科19属26种;处于Ⅲ级保护的药用植物资源有22科35属46种。从珍稀濒危药用植物药效来看,在17种补虚药、15种清热药、14种祛风湿药、8种活血化瘀药及29种其他功效药用植物中,需Ⅰ级保护的植物分别有1,0,2,2和8种,需Ⅱ级保护的植物分别有8,5,5,1和5种,需Ⅲ级保护的植物分别有8,10,7,5和16种;根据药用部位统计,在43种使用根与根茎,15种使用全草,13种使用枝叶、皮或藤及12种使用花、果实或种子的药用植物中,需Ⅰ级保护的植物分别有5,3,2和1种,需Ⅱ级保护的植物分别有13,3,3和7种,需Ⅲ级保护的植物分别有25,9,8和4种。【结论】西藏色季拉山中需要保护的药用植物种类较多,其中以具有补虚药效的植物种类最多;用药部位为根与根茎类药用植物占色季拉山需保护植物的大半数。分析了西藏色季拉山药用植物至濒的原因和现状,提出了相应的应对建议。

Abstract. [Objective] Investigation and appraisal were performed based on filed sampling to identify the protection priority and classify protection hierarchies of rare and endangered medicinal plants in the Shegyla Mountains,aiming to provide basis for conservation and utilization of medicinal plants. [Method]Sixty-three sample groups were established,and each group consisted of one sample plot for trees （10 m× 10 m）,one sample plot for shrubs （5m×5 m） and four sample plots for grass （2 m×2 m）. The altitude, longitude, latitude, slope and exposure of each plot were recorded and the height, number and coverage of each species in each plot were investigated. The coefficients of list, deposit, endangerment, genetics, utiliza- tion,conservation and reproduction were calculated and weighed to confirm conservation priority of rare and endangered species. The medicinal effects and parts were also analyzed. [Result] Totally, 83 plant species belonging to 57 genera and 27 families needed protection priority,accounting for 12.83% ,16.29% and 25. 96% of all species, genera and families of medicinal plants, respectively. Specially, 11 medicinal plant species in 10 genera and 6 families were classified as the first-class plants,26 medicinal plant species in 19 genera and 14 families were classified as the second-class plants, and 46 medicinal plant species in 35 genera and 22 families were classified as the third-class plants. Based on the functions of medicinal plants, there were 17 tonicing medicinal plants, 15 heat-clearing medicinal plants, 14 medicinal plants for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and 29 others medicinal plants. Among them, 1,0,2,2, and 8 species were first-class, 8,5,5,1, and 5 species were second-class, and 8,10,7,5, and 16 species were third- class,respectively. According to medicinal parts, there were 43 for underground stem, 15 for entire plants, 13 for branch leaf or bark or vine, and 12 for flower or fruit or seed. Among them, 5,3,2, and 1 species were first-class, 13,3,3 ,and 7 species were second-class and 25,9,8 ,and 4 species were third-class,respectively. [Conclusion] Many medicinal plants need to be protected in the Shegyla Mountains, with the most types for tonicing used plants and more than half for roots and stem used plants. By analyzing the endangerment of medicinal plants, corresponding suggestions to protect rare and endangered wild medicinal plants in She- gyla were proposed.