成都市PM_(2.5)中金属元素吸入暴露的慢性健康风险评估

Chronic health risk assessment of exposure to metals in PM_(2.5) by inhalation in Chengdu

目的评估PM_(2.5)中金属元素吸入途径的慢性健康风险,为制定相关政策保护人群健康提供科学依据。方法在成都市开展PM_(2.5)中金属元素的成分监测,基于经典"四步法"评估PM_(2.5)中金属元素的慢性健康风险。结果成都市PM_(2.5)浓度为(130.0±57.7)μg/m^3,PM_(2.5)中As、Pb、Mn、Hg、Al、Se的浓度分别为(18.0±13.0)、(95.0±76.4)、(41.1±29.3)、(0.71±1.17)、(242±287)、(4.8±4.6)ng/m^3;As、Mn的慢性非致癌风险分别为1.20、0.82,As、Pb的致癌风险分别为3.32×10-5、4.88×10-7,Hg、Al、Se的健康风险较低。结论成都市PM_(2.5)污染较为严重,其As、Mn、Pb的健康风险较高,应予以重视。

Objective To estimate the chronic health risk of exposure to metals in PM2.5 by inhalation, to provide scientific evidence for making adaptation polices. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected in Chengdu, the metals in PM2.5 were analyzed,the health risks of the metals were calculated based on the EPA standard method. Results The concentration of PM2.5 was（130.0±57.7） μg/m3, the concentrations of metals in PM2.5 were（18.0±13.0） ng/m3 for As,（95.0±76.4） ng/m3 for Pb,（41.1±29.3） ng/m3 for Mn,（0.71±1.17） ng/m3 for Hg,（242±287） ng/m3 for Al and（4.8±4.6） ng/m3 for Se respectively. The HQ were 1.20 for As and 0.82 for Mn. The Risk were 3.32 ×10-5for As and 4.88 ×10-7for Pb. The chronic health risk of Hg, Al and Se were relatively lower. Conclusion The air pollution of PM2.5 is serious in Chengdu. The chronic health risks of As, Mn and Pb in PM2.5 were higher.