灌水对滴灌红枣产量、品质及水分利用的影响

Effects of different irrigation treatments on drip irrigation red jujube's yield,quality and water use efficiency

为了获得南疆沙区红枣适宜的滴灌灌溉制度,以新疆第一师沙区骏枣为试验材料,考虑灌水量(W1:900 mm,W2:1 050 mm,W3:1 200 mm)和灌水次数(F1:10次、F2:14次、F3:18次)2个因素,设置9个滴灌处理和一个漫灌(CK:1 500 mm)处理进行大田试验,结果表明,灌水量和灌水次数对沙区红枣产量、品质、水分利用效率、土壤水分分布和土壤贮水量均具有一定的影响.灌水量对土层深度100 cm以下土壤贮水量相对100 cm以上影响更加显著,灌水次数主要影响土层深度100 cm以上的土壤贮水量,土壤贮水量垂直变化整体上随着灌水量、灌水次数的增加而增加.红枣耗水量、产量和水分利用效率受灌水量和灌水次数影响均呈规律性变化,1 050mm灌水量各处理产量、水分利用效率显著高于其他滴灌处理;相似产量和品质条件下,滴灌比漫灌节约灌水量30%,有效提高水分利用效率43%.

In order to obtain the suitable drip irrigation system of red jujube in Southern Xinjiang, ta- king the desert area Jun jujube in Xinjiang First Division as the testing material and taking the two fac- tors： irrigation amount （W1：900 ram, W2：1050 ram, W3：1200 ram） and irrigation frequency （FI ： 10 times, F2：14 times, F3：18 times） into consideration. Nine drip irrigation treatments and a flood irrigation treatment were used for field testing. The results show that the irrigation amount and irrigation frequency have a certain influence on the yield, quality, water use efficiency, soil moisture distribution and soil water storage capacity of desert area red jujube. The irrigation amount mainly affects the soil water storage below soil depth of I00 cm, while the irrigation frequency mainly affects the soil water storage above soil depth of 100 cm. The increase of soil water storage capacity is accompanied with the increasing of irrigation amount and irrigation frequency. The water consumption, yield and water use efficiency of red jujube are regularly changed due to the effects of irrigation amount and irrigation fre-quency. The yield and water use efficiency treated by the irrigation amount of 1 050 mm were signifi- cantly higher than those by other treatments. Similar to the yield and quality, drip irrigation saves 30% irrigation amount compared with flood irrigation, which effectively improves 43 % water use efficiency.