硬组织植入生物活性聚醚醚酮复合材料

Bioactive Polyetheretherketone Implant Composites for Hard Tissue

聚醚醚酮(PEEK)具有优良的机械性能、良好的生物相容性和耐腐蚀性等特点,其弹性模量和人体皮质骨较为接近,有可能替代金属材料应用在硬组织修复与替换领域。然而,PEEK本身是生物惰性材料,PEEK植入体与骨组织之间的骨整合能力较差,在一定程度上限制了其在硬组织修复与替换领域的应用。目前研究者主要将磷酸钙(CaP)、生物活性玻璃(BGs)和硅酸钙(CS)等生物活性陶瓷添加到PEEK基体中制备复合材料以改善其生物活性,提高PEEK植入体与骨组织之间的骨整合能力。但这些生物活性陶瓷在改善PEEK生物活性的同时,降低了其优异的力学性能。如何在保持PEEK力学性能的同时提高其生物活性成为目前研究的热点。本文综述了近些年用于硬组织植入的生物活性聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备技术、力学及生物学性能等方面的研究进展及现状,并对其发展提出了展望。

Polyetheretherketone （PEEK） possesses a set of characteristics superior for biomedical applications including excellent mechanical properties, suitable biocompatibility and chemical resistance. More importantly, the elastic modulus of PEEK is analogous to that of human cortical bone. Thus, PEEK material is considered as a prime candidate to replace conventional biomedical metallic materials as hard tissue repair and substitute implants. However, PEEK material is naturally bioinert, and to some extent, poor osteointegration between PEEK implant and surrounding bone tissue hinders its biomedical applications in hard tissue repair and substitute field. Currently, researchers mainly add bioactive ceramics such as calcium phosphate （CAP）, bioactive glass （BGs） and calcium silicate （CS） to PEEK matrix to prepare composite for enhancing bioactivity and osteointegration strength between PEEK implant and bone tissue. Unfortunately, the addition of these bioactive ceramics to PEEK have resulted in trade-offs between mechanical properties and bioactivity. How to enhance PEEK bioactivity and retain its mechanical properties at the same time has become a hot area of current research. This paper reviews the research progress and status in the aspects of preparation, mechanical properties and biological performance of these materials for hard tissue implant, and predicts its future development.