锂枝晶的原位观测及生长机制研究进展

Recent progress on in-situ observation and growth mechanism of lithium metal dendrites

随着人们对储能设备需求的日益增加,开发高能量密度的二次电池受到了广泛的关注。金属锂以其低密度、高理论比容量、最低的还原电势等优势成为高性能二次电池电极材料的首选。然而,枝晶生长及其随之而来的电池安全隐患和循环寿命的降低严重困扰着金属锂负极的实际应用。通过原位观测金属锂枝晶生长行为,探究其生长机理与影响因素,有助于提高金属锂电池的安全性、利用率和循环寿命。本文综述了金属锂电池原位观测方面的研究进展,总结了现有的原位实时观测装置,锂枝晶的原位观测现象以及模拟模型,最后对锂金属枝晶原位观测的下一步发展进行了展望。

As the increasing demands of energy storage devices, high energy density rechargeable batteries have been strongly considered. Thanks to the low mass density, high theoretical specific energy density, and lowest redox potential, metallic lithium becomes one of the most promising anode materials to build high-performance rechargeable batteries. However, the formation of lithium dendrites causes rapid capacity degradation, short cycle life, and potential safety hazard of working lithium batteries. This hinders its practical applications, ln-situ observation is highly beneficial to explore the growth mechanism of lithium dendrites and improve the battery performance. In this review, the progress on in-situ observation devices, their applications in Li dendrite observation and the obtained models for dendrite growth are summarized. Finally, the perspective of lithium metal anode through in-situ/operando characterization is discussed.