基于聚合物电解质固态锂硫电池的研究进展和发展趋势

Research progress and future trends of solid state lithium-sulfur batteries based on polymer electrolytes

固态锂硫电池中通过固态电解质代替传统液态电解质,有望同时解决多硫化物溶解和穿梭、锂枝晶生长、锂硫电池安全性差等重要科学和技术难题。然而固态电解质存在室温电导率低、电解质/电极界面相容性差等缺点,阻碍了固态锂硫电池商业化发展。本文以固态聚合物电解质解决锂硫电池中关键问题为出发点,综述了凝胶聚合物电解质、全固态聚合物电解质以及复合电解质在锂硫电池上的应用现状;并结合理论模型和微观机理,详细地阐明了固态聚合物电解质离子电导机制及其对多硫化物穿梭和锂枝晶生长的抑制作用,系统地总结了固态聚合物电解质在锂硫电池应用中所存在的问题和未来的重点发展方向。

Utilizing solid state electrolytes instead of traditional liquid electrolytes has been expected to simultaneously solve the polysulfide shuttle, lithium dendrites growth, low thermal stability and other important scientific and technical problems of lithium-sulfur batteries. However, the solid electrolyte has various disadvantages such as low ionic conductivity at room temperature, poor electrolyte/electrode interface compatibility, hindering the commercial development of lithium-sulfur batteries. This article presents a brief review of the researches on the gel polymer electrolyte, all solid polymer electrolyte and composite electrolyte for solid state lithium-sulfur batteries. At the same time, combining with theoretical models and micro-mechanism, this review illustrates the mechanism of lithium ionic conductivity in the solid polymer electrolyte, the inhibition of polysulfide shuttle and dendrite growth by the solid electrolyte in detail. The problems and future development of solid polymer electrolyte in lithium-sulfur batteries are also systematically summarized and outlooked.