我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的心理制约因素研究

Psychological Constraints of Win Again of Chinese Diving Olympic Champion

选择我国现役跳水奥运冠军8人、世界冠军3人(均为双人项目跳水奥运冠军搭档)作为研究对象,并深入国家跳水队对其进行为期1年多的参与式观察之后实施面对面深度访谈(每个受访者单独访谈1次,每次访谈2 h左右),且就有关访谈结果与其重要他人及时核实,以全面、深入且多角度了解制约我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的心理因素及其排序。研究表明:制约我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的心理因素有心理压力、骄傲自满、偷懒怠工、厌烦情绪、成就动机弱化、信心不足、预期焦虑、目标丧失、倦怠失准、人际关系不和谐,其中心理压力最为普遍而突显其制约作用,当然其他心理因素的制约作用也不容忽视;依据各心理制约因素的影响程度从大到小排序,表现出明显的个体差异,凸显了奥运冠军的独特性及其成功之路的不可复制性。

Eight diving Olympic champion and there their partners were selected as research subjects.They were surveyed in national diving team more than one year by participant observation,and were implemented face to face in-depth interviews（individual interviews with each interviewee one time,every interview last about 2 hours）,moreover interview results were verified by their significant others in time.The purpose was to explore psychological constraints and its sequence of win again of Chinese diving Olympic champion by comprehensive,thorough and multi-angle.Research showed that psychological constraints of win again of Chinese diving Olympic champion have psychological stress,complacency,lazy sabotage,boredom,achievement motive weakened,lack of confidence,anticipatory anxiety,loss of objective,fatigue inaccurate and interpersonal discord,psychological stress is universal constraints and highlight it restraining effect,but other psychological constraints cannot be ignored.Sequence of psychological constraints according to their influence degree show obvious individual differences,highlight uniqueness of Olympic champion and their success road cannot be copied.