三种乒乓球横板台内进攻技术的运动学特征对比研究

The Comparison of Kinematics Characteristic on Three Kinds of the Knife-hold Attacking Techniques inside the Table

为了合理掌握国家队新出现的横板正手撇拉技术及对乒乓球横板台内进攻技术的技术训练提供理论参考,对国家乒乓球队的一名横板运动员周启豪的正手撇拉技术、挑打技术和反手拧拉技术各20次进行了三维运动学的测试与统计对比分析,且对三种横板台内进攻技术击球后的速度、转速进行了对比分析。结论:(1)横板正手撇拉技术与横板正手挑打技术相比,肩、肘、躯干的运动动作结构相似,其不同在于,引拍阶段横板正手撇拉技术手腕外展和向下沉得较多,挥拍击球阶段横板撇拉技术手腕的内收、屈曲的变化幅度明显大于挑打技术,横板正手撇拉技术发力以向上向前摩擦球为主,横板正手挑打技术以向前撞击球为主。(2)横板正手台内进攻技术肩关节运动幅度较大,而横板反手拧拉技术运动幅度小,以肩关节前顶支撑发力为主;横板正手撇拉技术手腕在引拍阶段和挥拍击球阶段的运动幅度与反手拧拉技术的运动幅度相近。(3)三种横板台内进攻技术击球后的球速相似。(4)横板正手撇拉技术击球后的转速虽小于横板反手拧拉技术,却远远大于正手挑打技术。

In order to grasp the knife-hold technique of forehand flip-loop combo inside the table,and to give some reference for the technique training of knife-hold techniques inside the table,three kinds of knife-hold attacking techniques inside the table were recorded by the method of 3-D kinematics test,including the knife-hold technique of forehand flip-loop combo,the technique of forehand flip shot and the technique of backhand flip-loop inside the table.The subject was Zhou Qihao,who is the knife-hold athlete of China Table Tennis Team.The kinematics characteristic,the ball’s velocity and rotation speed were analyzed and statistical compared.The conclusions were as the followings.（1）The movement of shoulder,elbow and body in the knife-hold forehand flip-loop combo technique inside the table was similar to that in flip shot technique inside table.Compared with the knife-hold flip shot technique inside table,knife-hold forehand flip-loop combo technique inside the table had a clear action of wrist abduction the during the phase of swinging the racket backwards,had a bigger range of adduction and flexion during the phase of swinging the racket forward and hitting the ball,and paid more attention to force of friction forward and upward.（2）The movement range of shoulders in knife-hold forehand techniques inside the table were more than the knife-hold backhand loop technique inside the table,which paid more attention to support and stability when attack ball.The movement range of wrist in knife-hold forehand fliploop combo technique inside the table was similar to that of knife-hold backhand loop techniques inside the table.（3）The ball’velocity of three kinds of the knife-hold attacking techniques inside the table was similar.（4）The ball’s rotational speed of the knife-hold forehand flip-loop combo technique was higher distinctly than that of flip shot technique,and lower a little than that of backhand loop technique inside the table.