乒乓球底板结构对底板性能影响研究

The Effect of Table Tennis Racket Paddle Fiber Layer on Racket Performance

底板是乒乓球拍的力量来源,从根本上决定出球的速度和旋转性能。为研究乒乓球底板性能,采用有限元软件,基于模态分析,对不同结构底板数值模拟,分析了木材、碳纤维和玻璃纤维3种不同材料叠合而成的底板前四阶固有频率;计算了同种木材,相同底板总厚度,6种层数下,相邻层纤维方向垂直和平行12种叠合方式的一阶频率;研究了芯材和面材不变,力材纤维角度以15°为步长从0°增加到180°叠合角度对底板性能的影响。得出如下结论:材料对底板固有频率影响很大碳纤维对提高底板弹性效果极佳,一阶固有频率增加40.5%;相同质量时,相比于林巴,碳纤维可提高底板固有频率,玻璃纤维可降低底板固有频率;相邻层纤维方向平行时,底板层数对固有频率无影响;相邻层垂直时,随着底板层数增加,固有频率提高;各层纤维方向均沿拍柄方向时,固有频率达到最大值;各层材料叠合角度也会影响底板性能。叠合角度趋向于90°时,固有频率降低;叠合角度趋向于0°或180°时,固有频率升高。研究结果为设计及分析乒乓球拍底板性能提供了理论依据和实现途径。

The paddle is the source of table tennis,fundamentally determining the speed and spinning performance of the ball.In order to analyze the performance of table tennis,we simulated numerically different structural floor based on modal analysis by finite element software.We analyzed the first four natural frequencies of paddle made by wood,carbon fiber and glass fiber;calculated the first-order frequency of 12 kinds of superposition which had the same material and thickness with six layers while fiber directions of the adjacent layers are vertical and parallel;consider the effect to properties of paddle while the angle of bottom plate increase from 0° to 180° at 15° and the core material and face material are constant.Conclusions are as follows：Material effects the natural frequency greatly,Carbon fiber can improve the performance of paddle,increasing the first order of natural frequency over 40.5%.When the mass is same,the adding of layer leads the increasing of the paddle.And using the same material,the natural frequency has a biggest value when all the fibers are along the longitudinal distribution.As the angle of force wood tends to 90°,the paddle has a higher natural frequency,a lower hardness and control the ball better which is suitable for defensive player;while the angle of force wood tends to 0° or 180°,the paddle has a lower natural frequency,a higher hardness and provide the ball a larger speed which is suitable for defensive player.The results provide a theoretical reference for designing and analysis different types of the table tennis racket.