里约奥运会田径项目奖牌归属、成绩积分的地域国家分布特征及均衡程度的唯象研究

Phenomenological Research of Track and Field Medal Attribution Achievement of Integral Regional National Distribution and Equilibrium Degree in Rio Olympic Games

里约奥运会回归南半球与俄罗斯田径集体禁赛等因素影响地域国家在奥运期间田径备战及竞技表现,田坛竞技格局的嬗变引发学界关注。基于唯象理论视域,利用Sigmaplot、Spss软件绘图描述推断的功能及多元统计方法对获取奖牌、成绩积分的国家探析。研究发现:(1)金牌、奖牌及成绩积分作为田径竞技实力的评价指标具有较高一致性。(2)国家获取奖牌、成绩积分的频数分布呈非正态分布特征,较高的基尼系数预示国家获取成绩积分存在不均衡。(3)积分榜排序靠前的15个国家多以一个国家形式形成样品聚类某类别的样品,其单个比赛日获取成绩积分的机率、连续比赛日累积获取成绩成分的数值分别呈阶梯型下降、持续上升两种曲线形式。(4)积分榜排序与该位序对应的成绩积分占总成绩积分的比例关系呈诸多小峰的L型逆函数曲线;积分榜排序与该位序对应国家个体数量占总国家数量的比例关系未呈拟合度较高的函数曲线。(5)地域大陆获取决赛名次频数呈显著性差异,地域大陆获取决赛名次频数的分布特征呈倒S型曲线。(6)地域大陆获取成绩积分在项群、性别呈显著性差异。里约奥运会田径项目奖牌归属、成绩积分的数值演算,可以理性认知地域国家间的竞技格局演变,为科学选材、周期训练计划提供理论上的借鉴与参考。

Rio Olympics held back to the track and field of underdeveloped regions in the southern hemisphere,Russia’s collective athletics delegation suspension factors affected different regions country prepare for and athletic performance during the period of the Olympic Games track and field,world sport competition pattern evolution enlightenment educational world attention and thinking.Based on the theory of phenomenological view,using Sigmaplot,Spss data software drawing,description and inference function and multivariate statistical methods to get a medal,scores points respectively analysis countries.Study found that：1）The gold medal,MEDALS and scores points as a national track and field competitive power evaluation index has high consistency.2）Different countries gain MEDALS,the integral frequency distribution is non-normal distribution characteristic and heterogeneity,high Gini coefficient shows different countries get scores points exist great imbalance degree.3）Sort of championship more than 15 countries in the form of a nation form sample clustering certain other sample,the probability of their performance in a single day for integral,continuous match day accumulation for grades composition of numerical rising steps down,two kinds of curve form.4）Ranking to the bit sequence corresponding scores points worth of integral proportional relationship is with many peak L inverse function curve;Sort of the premier league and the bit sequence corresponds to state that the number of individuals are not in proportion to the total number of national relations present higher function curve fitting.5）Different regions to obtain the final ranking exist significant differences in frequency region in mainland for 1~8 rank frequency distribution characteristics of S type curve.6）Scores points in different regions mainland event-group,exist significant difference on gender.Through Rio Olympic Games track and field medal ownership,performance indices such as integral numerical calculus,can rational cognitive competition pattern and evolution of regional countries,for the scientific selection of the industry,cycle training program in order to provide the theory reference for reference.