美洲最早人类文化的技术构成及其与旧大陆的关系

The Technical Composition of the Earliest Human Culture in the Americas and Relationship with the Old World

美洲最早人类的人类文化包括前克洛维斯文化和克洛维斯文化,其主要分布于北美中低纬度地区和南美地区,时代为距今2万年至1.2万年左右(校正后)。最早美洲人类文化的石器技术构成以两面器技术和石叶技术为主,其与旧大陆旧石器时代晚期的人类的石器技术有密切关联。与此同时,更新世晚期新旧大陆的人类技术也有所不同,除了阿拉斯加地区发现与旧大陆东北亚文化面貌甚为相似的遗存以外,美洲独特的克洛维斯文化与旧大陆相比两面器技术更为发达,石叶技术处于次要地位,同时缺失细石叶技术,这些现象显示新大陆早期人类文化并非旧大陆的完全移植,而是美洲最早人群在扩散过程中不断进行创新与调试,进而创造出古印第安早期文化。

The earliest cultures of America include Pre-Clovis and Clovis, which are found in middle and low latitudes of North America and South America dated between 20,000 and 12,000 cal. BP. The main lithic technologies of the earliest cultures of America are biface technology and blade technology, which show close relationships with the Old Wodd. However. there are also differences between the New world and the Old World during the Late Pleistocene. which refer to the more developed biface technology, the secondary blade technology, and the loss of microblade technology in the New world, except for the simi- larities between Alaska and the Northeast Asia. In comparison with the lithic technology of the New World and Old World, we suggest that the earliest cultures of America were not totally transplanted from the Old World. instead they were created and tested by the earliest American populations, which are also known as Early Paleoindian cultures.