日本民俗学“在野之学”的新定义——菅丰“新在野之学”的倡导与实践

Redefining Extra-Academic Japanese Folklore:Yutaka Suga's Advocation and Practice

新在野之学(新公共民俗学)是日本当代民俗学者菅丰的代表性理论,是对日本民俗学草创期"在野之学"的回归和再构建。该理论旨在打破长期以来由日本学院派民俗学者主导的封闭的学术体系,消除专业与非专业之间的隔阂,寻求学院派民俗学者、公共民俗学者、各类社会组织、普通民众等多样化行为体的协同合作。它要求民俗学者重视介入式的日常实践,成为当事人而不是旁观者;在实践过程中努力获得文化表现的正当性,谨记民俗传承人的权威性;植根于地方,将文化客体化并给予当地人必要的支持;对自我和他者的实践与研究以自反性、适应性的方式加以把握;不以实践为目的,而以民众的幸福为己任。

New Extra-Academic Folklore(New Public Folklore),the representative theory of modern Japanese folklorist Yutaka Suga,returns to and redefines the Extra-Academic Japanese Folklore in its beginning period.This theory aims to break the closed scholastic system dominated by Japanese academic folklorists,remove the barriers between professional and non-professional researchers,and seek the collaboration among multiple actors,such as academic folklorists,public sector folklorists,various social organizations and the general public.It requires folklorists to attach importance to participatory daily practices which make them participants rather than onlookers,to obtain legitimacy of cultural representation through practices while remembering the authority of tradition bearers,to get rooted in local areas objectifying culture and lending necessary support to local people,to view the practices and researches of self and others in a reflexive and adaptive manner,and to make it their duty to pursue the public's well-being instead of practicing for practice's sake.