苗绣商品化视域下苗族女性社会性别角色的重塑——基于贵州省台江县施洞镇的个案研究

Commodification of Miao Embroidery and Reconfiguration of Gender Roles:A Case Study of Miao Ethnic Group in Shidong Town,Guizhou Province

在民族文化商品化的背景下,苗族女性逐渐参与到苗族刺绣的商品生产和销售中。通过传统身体规训而习得的刺绣技艺,恰恰成为女性施展能动性的媒介。她们藉此改变家户内的性别分工,扩展女性的自主空间,并重塑传统的性别角色规范。在此过程中,苗族女性并非仅仅聚焦于族群内的性别权利转移,而是同时通过彰显其族群身份和刺绣技艺,建立起自己在苗绣生产与商品化中不可替代的主体性,挑战了在市场经济中苗族被边缘化和客体化的状况,展现了她们为争取文化自主权和话语权所作的努力。

Miao women have been increasingly participating in the commodification of Miao embroidery through producing and selling embroidery items.Traditionally,learning embroidery as a bodily discipline shaped women's behavior and identity.At present,by means of their unique embroidery skills,Miao women have reconfigured the domestic division of labor,the spatiality of women's lives,and the gender roles in traditional society.However,more than focusing on the shifts of gender power inside the community,Miao women have forged new subjectivities in the marketing of Miao embroidery through the presentation of their ethnic identity and embroidery skills.In this sense,they have struggled to realize their cultural autonomy and challenged the marginalization and objectification of Miao ethnic group in the market economy.