多功能改土剂配方筛选及对河西内陆灌区制种玉米田的改土培肥效应

Determinations of Multi-functional Soil Ameliorant Formula and Agent Content,and Effects of Fertility Improvement on Seed Corn Field in Irrigated Area of Hexi Inland

[目的]研究甘肃省河西内陆灌区多功能改土剂配方筛选及对制种玉米田改土培肥效应的影响,为该区制种玉米产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。[方法]选择甘肃省酒泉市连续种植制种玉米15a基地,采用田间试验方法,开展了多功能改土剂配方筛选及对河西内陆灌区制种玉米田改土培肥效应的研究。[结果]多功能改土剂最佳配方组合:玉米专用肥、聚乙稀醇、有机废弃物组合肥、保水剂重量配比为0.032 2∶0.001 4∶0.965 5∶0.000 9。不同剂量多功能改土剂施用量与制种玉米田孔隙度、团聚体、持水量、有机质和速效氮磷钾呈显著的正相关关系;与容重、pH值呈显著的负相关关系。施用多功能改土剂与传统化肥比较,制种玉米田容重和pH值分别降低6.88%和5.10%;总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和团聚体分别增加10.46%,10.49%,10.48%和11.75%;饱和持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量分别增加10.47%,10.46%和10.48%;有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量(CEC)分别增加9.03%,1.11%,4.12%,3.82%和32.03%;真菌、细菌、放线菌和菌体总量分别增加121.19%,34.95%,20.25%和28.57%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶分别增加44.74%,44.73%,38.46%和62.50%。[结论]施用多功能改土剂,改善了制种玉米田理化性质和生物学性质,提高了酶活性及持水量和制种玉米产量。

[Objective] The selection of soil ameliorant formula and the effect on soil fertility of maize field in Hexi irrigated area in Gansu Province were studied to provide technical support for the sustainable development of corn industry in this area. [Methods] A field experiment was conducted in a field base that had been used successively for maize seed production in the past 15 years, to select multi-functional ameliorant formula and to determine the corresponding agent content that have good effects on soil fertility improvement. The field is located in Hexi inland irrigated area of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province. [-Results] The multi-functional content of agent formula had the following best combination： corn fertilizer, poval, organic waste group and aquasorb weight ratio is 0. 032 2 ： 0. 001 4 ： 0. 965 5 ： 0. 000 9. Doses of the multi-function ameliorant and variables as seed corn field applying content of agent content, porosity, aggregate, water holding capacity, organic matter and available NPK, were significantly and positively correlated. It had significant and negative correlations with bulk density, pH value. As compared with traditional chemical fertilizer, application of multifunctional content of agent, seed corn field bulk density and pH value reduced 6.88% and 5.10% respectively; total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity and aggregate increased by 10. 46%, 10.49%, 10.48% and 11. 75% ; saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity respectively increased by 10.47%, 10.46% and 10.48% ; Organic matter, alkali-hydro nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium and cation exchange capacity（CEC） increased by 9.03%, 1.11%, 4.12%, 3.82% and 32.03% ; fungi, bacteria, actinomyces and bacteria amount respectively increased by 121.19%, 34.95%, 20.25% and 28.57% ; Sucrase, urease, phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase respectively increased by 44.74%, 44. 73%, 38. 46% and 62. 50%. [Conclusion] Application of multi-functional content of agent can improve seed corn field profiting from the improved physio-chemical and biological properties, and from the enhancement of soil enzyme activity and water holding capacity.