域外宪法文本解释方法的历史演进——以美国宪法解释为例

On the Evolution of the Approaches of the Constitutional Interpretation Abroad: Illustrated by the Example of the Interpreation of U. S. Constitution

从域外宪法文本解释方法的历史演进看,在众多宪法解释方法中,原旨主义与"活的宪法"与其说是法条解释的方法和技术,毋宁说代表了如何理解"忠于宪法"抑或切入宪法的不同进路。宪法文本解释径路和解释方法的"诸神之争",本质上是对宪法文本的话语权归属之争。通过宪法文本解释方法的讨论,可藉以"发现"宪法在新的社会条件下"原本可能有的"的原旨与含义。在此过程中,宪法文本解释活动将立法机制、司法实践、学术研究统摄在以宪法文本为形式的共同基础上,以形成稳定的政治、经济和社会秩序。

The written constitution is the fundamental document and the legitimate resource of the regime in a modern state. The implementation of the constitution entails the interpretation of constitution. Among the ap- proaches to the true meaning of the constitution, the originalizm and the living constitution are rather regarded as the position of ＂fidelity to the Constitution＂ or the perspective of the constitutional understanding, than the methods or technologies of the interpretation. Actually, the debate of the originalizm and living constitutional- ism is essentially the contest of the final says of the Constitution. Through the debate, the judges and scholars ＂discover＂ the original intent and the truth of the Constitution in the evolving context, which improves the practice and theory of the constitution.