财产权的类型化、体系化与法典化——以《民法典(草案)》为研究对象

The Categorization,Institutionalization and Codification of Property Right:Taking the Draft of Civil Code as the Research Subject

财产及财产权在民法发展过程中有着不同的制度安排。从罗马法、近代法到现代法,作为权利对象的财产,已在物质化财产之外产生了诸如信息财产、金融财产、人格财产等"新财产"。财产利益表现形态的差异化,是划分财产权类型的基本标准。随着科学技术和商品经济的发展,传统"物权——债权"二元结构受到冲击,新的财产权类型不断涌现,现代财产权体系由此形成一个开放的、动态的、不断发展的制度体系。我国的民事立法,应循应社会变迁和法律变革的时代潮流,遵守融经验与理论于一体的立法原则。对财产权的法律形式构建,似可以民法法典化为首要,以民事单行法为基础,以民事特别条例为补充。

Property and property rights followed different path in the course of civil law development. From Roman times to modem and contemporary times, property as the subject of rights has transformed from tangible forms only to various new forms, including information property, financial property and personality property. The differentiation of property interests is the basic criteria for the classification of property rights. With the de- velopment of science, technology and market economy, traditional binary system of ＂property-debt＂ has been under great impact, the appearance of new types of property help form an open, dynamic and ever-developing modem property fights institution. The civil legislation in China shall follow the trend of social transformation and legal reform, abide by the principle of integrating experience and theory. In terms of the legal construction of property rights, it is appropriate to make the codification of civil law as priority with the civil department law as the foundation and special civil regulation as the supplement.