安全心理学在实验室安全管理中的应用

Application of safety psychology in the management of laboratory safety

通过分析我国高校和科研院所科研人员普遍性的实验室不安全行为心理学特点、实验室危险事故的因素和易致人为失误的心理原因(疲劳、时间、睡眠、社会心理、事故前心理等),提出实验室安全行为管理的基本原则以及用心理学方法解决实验室违章违规操作行为的各种措施,如安全行为的强化、完善监督检查的机制、科学用人安排工作、必要的心理训练、尽可能采用防错容错措施、安全培训弥补遗忘缺陷、安全文化宣传等,实现真正"以人为本"的安全管理。

By analyzing the universal psychological characteristics of the unsafe behavior of research specialist staff in universities and institutes in China, the factors leading to the dangerous accidents in the laboratories and the psychological causes of those human errors （ fatigue, time, sleep, social psy- chology, psychology before accident）, we put forward the basic principles of lab safe behavior manage- ment, and solved the problems of illegal operation in laboratories by psychological methods, such as strengthen the safe behavior, improving supervision and inspection, scientific selection to arrange work, essentially psychological training, fault tolerance, safety training to remedy forgetting defect, safety culture propaganda, to achieve a real people-oriented safety management.