新一轮集体林权制度改革阶段成效、存在问题及完善对策

Research on Problems and Perfecting Countermeasures for New Round Reform of Collective Forest Property Right System

对国家林业局随机抽查的10个省(区)、20个县、40个乡(镇)、80个村800户农户的问卷数据进行统计分析,显示新一轮集体林权制度改革取得了阶段性成效:明晰产权、承包到户的改革任务基本完成;分林到户后农民造林护林的积极性显著提升;农民造林及林地流转收益权逐步得到保障;合作社在促农增收方面发挥了积极作用;公益林生态效益补偿款基本到户。但也存在不少问题:林权证登记不规范,发证管理与经营需求脱节;扶持农民营林增收的资金、技术、服务难落实;农民很难也很少用林权证抵押贷款;林业专业合作组织带动农民营林致富的作用不强;公益林补偿标准偏低,商品林采伐受限。结合各地在深化改革阶段的创新实践以及《国务院办公厅关于完善集体林权制度的意见》,提出了推进集体林地三权分置,明确集体林地发展定位,引导集体林地适度规模经营,吸引社会资本进山入林,加强社会化服务体系建设等完善集体林权制度改革的具体措施。

The new round reform of collective forest property right system to clear property rights and contract to families has finished and certain benefits have been achieved. Based on questionnaire data of investigation by State Forestry Bureau in 80 villages of 40 towns in 20 counties of provinces, a statistical analysis was conducted. This paper made a comprehensive empirical analysis of reform stage performance and existing problems firstly, in- cluding lack of standardization in forest rights registration, separation of certificate management and operation re- quirement, and deficiency in support of fund, technology and service for farmers to raise their forest and increase income. Combined with local innovative practice and the state council document, the paper discussed some perfec- ting countermeasures, such as to sum up form implementing separation of collective forest land division, clear posi- tioning of collective forest land development, promote the collective forest land moderate scale management, attract social capital into forest management, and strengthen the construction of social service system.