2006—2015年哈尔滨市南岗区人间布鲁菌病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Nangang District of Harbin City in 2006 - 2015

目的 分析哈尔滨市南岗区布鲁菌病（简称布病）的流行特征，为制订布病防治策略提供科学有效的依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法，对2006 - 2015年上报国家疫情网的哈尔滨市南岗区布病病例三间分布（时间分布、地区分布、人群分布）的流行特征及传播途径进行分析。结果 共报告105例布病病例，年均发病率为7.84／10万，无死亡病例，其中2014年病例最多，发病21例，发病率为1.57／10万；2010年病例最少，发病3例，发病率为0.22／10万；2006年发病9例，发病率为0.67／10万；2015年发病17例，发病率为1.27／10万。发病主要集中于夏、秋2个季节，占65.71%（69／105），其中夏季发病38例，占36.19%（38／105）；秋季发病31例，占29.52%（31／105）。2006 - 2012年病例主要分布在南岗区下属2个乡镇（王岗镇和红旗乡），占60.00%（30／50）；2013年后城区病例呈上升趋势，王岗镇和红旗乡占34.55%（19／55）。发病以男性中青年为主，男女发病比例为2.18 ∶ 1.00（72 ∶ 33）；30 ~ 60岁为发病高峰，占60.95%（64／105）；职业以农民为主，占43.81%（46／ 105）；传播途径仍以接触牛羊及生活在养殖牛羊圈范围的病例最多，为34例。结论 2013年后，哈尔滨市南岗区人间布病发病人数呈上升趋势，发病季节集中在夏、秋季节，发病职业以农民为主，发病范围有所扩大。在发病集中季节，应加强对职业人群的健康教育、提高防护意识，控制人间布病疫情的发生发展。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in Nangang District of Harbin City, and to provide a scientific basis for making strategies in prevention and control of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used, epidemic characteristics （time distribution, regional distribution and population distribution） of the disease in Nangang District of Harbin City in 2006 - 2015 were studied, and brucellosis cases were reported online through the national epidemic network. Results A total of 105 cases of brucellosis were reported, the average annual incidence rate was 7.84/100 thousand and no death case. The number of cases was the highest in 2014, it was 21 cases, the incidence rate was 1.57/100 thousand; the number of cases was the least in 2010, it was 3 cases, the incidence rate was 0.22/100 thousand; in 2006, the number of cases was 9, the incidence rate was 0.67/100 thousand; in 2015, the number of cases was 17, the incidence rate was 1.27/100 thousand. The incidence of the disease was mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, accounting for 65.71% （69/105）, the number of summer onset was 38, accounting for 36.19% （38/105）; the incidence of the autumn was 31, accounting for 29.52% （31/105）. In 2006 - 2012, the incidence of the disease was mainly concentrated in Wanggang and Hongqi townships, accounting for 60.00% （30/50）; after 2013, the cases in urban areas were on the rise, Wanggang and Hongqi townships accounted for 34.55% （19/55）. Incidence of male youth was the highest, male and female incidence ratio was 2.18 ： 1.00 （72 ： 33）; incidence peak was 30 - 60 years old, accounting for 60.95% （64/105）; after analyzing the incidence of occupational groups, farmer was the highest, accounting for 43.81% （46/105）. Transmission route was contact with cattle and sheep and lived in the environment cattle and sheep were breed, the number of cases was 34. Conclusions The incidence of brucellosis in Nangang District of Harbin City is rising after 2013. Disease season focus in summer and autumn, occupation focus in farmers, and the scope of the outbreak has been expanded. We should further strengthen publicity and education in disease focus season, improve the awareness of protection, in order to effectively control the epidemic of brucellosis.