论《民法总则(草案)》的立法语言

Research on the Legislative Language of General Principles of Civil Law (Draft)

《民法总则(草案)》不应当采取哲学化的"民事主体"的概念,而应当拓展具有汉语文明特质的"人"的概念,将其明确作为"自然人、法人和非法人组织"的上位概念。不应当采取"民事法律行为"的概念,而应当采取"民事行为"的概念,与"民事行为能力"和"民事活动"等概念相对应。不应当采取明确授权政府或法院的兜底条款,而应当采取授权特别立法或模糊授权的兜底条款。"法律另有规定"或"当事人另有约定"的但书条款,重复特别法的地位和意思自治的理念,造成语言赘述,删掉为宜。立法者应虔诚对待立法语言,遵循汉语规律,让中国民法典成为汉语文明的新坐标。学界应当充分借鉴语义学、语用学、词汇学和修辞学等语言科学,构建民法语言学的范畴体系,为民法典编纂提供智力支撑。

General Principles of Civil Law （Draft） should not adopt the concept of ＂civil subject＂ which is philosophized, but should expand the eoncept of ＂human being＂ with the characteristics of Chinese civilization, and make it clear as the upper concept of ＂natural person, legal person and unincorporated organization＂. It should not take the concept of ＂ civil juristic act＂, and should take the ＂ civil conduct＂ concept, in order to corresponding with the concept of ＂civil capacity＂. It should take miscellaneous provisions that authorize special legislation or blur authorization instead of those explicitly authorize the government or the court. Proviso clauses like ＂otherwise stipulated by law＂ or ＂the parties otherwise agreed＂ should be deleted as they repeat the status of special law and the idea of autonomy, resulting in language details Civil Code Language should be treated piously, in order to create the new coordinatcs ,of Chinese civilization. Academia should reference linguistic science, such as semantic vocabulary pragmatics and rhetoric,in order to construct the civil law linguistics category system, and provide intellectual support for the civil code compiling.