G-四联体结构在生物传感器中的应用进展

Progress of G-Quadruplexes Application in Biosensors

G-四联体结构是由多聚鸟嘌呤序列通过Hoogsteen氢键配对形成的笼式结构。该结构具有独特的化学性质,如可以特异性地与N-甲基卟啉二丙酸Ⅸ(NMM)化合物结合,产生荧光以及具有过氧化物酶活性等。据此科学家开发了一些生物传感器,并取得了丰硕的成果。此类传感器大多是通过被检物质引起DNA结构的变化,进而引起荧光信号和过氧化物酶活性变化,最终达到检测的目的。对基于G-四联体结构开发的生物传感器检测金属离子、有机大分子、核酸和生物酶等物质的研究进展进行了综述。

G-Quadruplexes are formed by the stacking of guanine-rich sequences of DNA composed of four guanines paired by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding. The structure has the unique chemical properties,such as producing fluorescence by binding with Nmethyl mesoporphyrin Ⅸ（ NMM） and peroxidase activity. These properties are used to develop biosensors and a lot of biosensors are developed. Principles of G-quadruplex-based detection methods involve DNA conformational change caused by the presence of analyte which leads to a decrease or an increase in fluorescence and peroxidase activity of the used probe. It is a potential method in analysis and detection. This work mainly reviewed the technology and advances of G-quadruplexes used in development of biosensors to detect metal ion,organic macromolecule,nucleic acid and biological enzyme.