儿童弱视发病危险因素的病例对照研究

Case-control Analysis of Related Factors of Amblyopia

目的探讨儿童弱视患病的主要相关因素,为弱视的一级预防提供参考依据。方法采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,选取2010-2015年间在本院小儿眼科门诊新确诊的弱视儿童100例,同时选取与病例同性别、同年龄(相差±0.5岁)、同一居住地的健康儿童进行配对研究。应用条件Logistic回归分析法分析弱视患病的相关影响因素。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童居住环境采光条件不良、母亲怀孕次数多、儿童发锌过低是弱视发生的主要危险因素,而多食海产品则是保护性因素。结论改善儿童居住环境的采光条件,儿童补锌及增加日常膳食中海产品等可在一定程度上降低儿童弱视的发生风险。

Objective To investigate the main risk factors for amblyopia in children and to provide reference for primary prevention of amblyopia. Methods A 1 ： 1 matched case-control study was conducted. One hundred children newly diagnosed with amblyopia at the pediatric ophthalmology clinic of our hospital between 2010 and 2015 were selected , while another 100 healthy children of the same sex, age （a difference of ＋ 0. 5 years） , and neighborhood were used as control. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to study risk factors for amblyopia. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that a poor lighting environment, multiple pregnancies of mothers, and low levels of hair zinc were major risk factors for amblyopia, while eating plenty of seafood was a protective factor. Conclusion Children＇s risk of amblyopia can be reduced to some extent by improving lighting conditions, feeding children with zinc supplements and adding seafood to the daily diet.