民国医界“国医科学化”论争

The Debate on“Making National Medicine Scientific”in the Republican Period

20世纪30年代,围绕中医存废之争的医界俨然势如水火,对立的中西医阵营却出现同声附和"国医科学化"倡议的声音,并围绕"国医"走向"科学"的可能与前景展开热议。"国医科学化"的倡议,旨在借科学之"术"解中医之"困",并有"领导世界医学走一条新的径路"之深意。中医与西医的殊途同归或方枘圆凿,不仅牵涉中医界的生存与志业,而且与整个医界对中国文化未来走向的关怀密切相关。因存在"以甲律乙"、"定其一是,去其众非"等缺陷,"国医科学化"难免陷于"存之不欲"、"废之不能"的险境。"国医科学化"论争,折射出当时医界对待"科学"与"国医"的焦虑与两难。

In the 1930s,Chinese medical circles were hotly debating whether to adopt or to abandon traditional Chinese medicine(national medicine).But the opposing camps of pro-Chinese and pro-Western medicine both chorused their support for the'making national medicine scientific'(guoyi kexuehua)initiative,and discussed the possibilities and prospect of its development.The initiative aimed at resolving the dilemma of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with scientific'techniques,'with the profound potential to'lead the world’s medical science on to a new path.'The question of whether Chinese and Western medicine reached the same goal by different means or had nothing in common not only involved the survival and profession of TCM practitioners but was also closely related to the entire medical community’s concern for the future of Chinese culture.Because of the drawbacks of'using A’s rules to regulate B,''focusing on one good point to the exclusion of all the bad ones,'etc.,the cause of'making national medicine scientific'was inevitably caught up in the dilemma of being neither desired nor dispensable.This debate reflects the anxieties and predicament of medical circles of the time in the face of'science'and'national medicine.'