四川政潮与蒋介石的因应(1937-1940)

Political Currents in Sichuan and Chiang Kai-shek's Response(1937-1940)

抗战时期,国民政府西迁重庆,亟须切实掌控四川,而地方势力却因既得利益受损,多次武力抗拒中央,使得四川政潮迭起。1938年1月四川省主席刘湘逝世后,蒋介石任命张群主川,引起刘湘嫡系强烈反弹,被迫收回成命,改任刘湘旧部王缵绪主川。次年8月,风潮再起,四川军人武力驱逐王缵绪。此形势下,蒋介石不得不亲主川政。然而一年后,在四川军人多方掣肘乃至进行兵变的威胁下,蒋介石也不得不辞职,但仍坚持让张群继主川政。持续不断的川政风潮很大程度上破坏了大后方的稳定,影响了抗战大局,也呈现了战时中央与地方之间复杂多变的关系。

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the Nationalist government urgently needed to take control of Sichuan in its westward move to Chongqing.However,local forces whose vested interests were affected repeatedly put up armed resistance to the central government,disrupting the political situation.With the death of the Chairman of Sichuan Province,Liu Xiang,in January 1938,Chiang appointed Zhang Qun to the position,but was forced to reassign it to Liu Xiang’s subordinate,Wang Zuanxu,in place of Zhang,due to strong protests from Liu’s followers.In August of the following year,more political changes occurred as the Sichuan military expelled Wang.In this situation,Chiang had to assume control himself of the province,but he quit a year later due to interference and even threats of mutiny from the Sichuan military.He insisted,however,on having Zhang Qun resume the post.The constant political turbulence in Sichuan to a large extent destroyed the stability of the rear areas,affecting the overall situation of the war.These circumstances reveal the complex and changing relations between the central and the local governments during the war.